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| position = Right-wing | religion = Sunni Islam | international = Muslim Brotherhood〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=The Fall of Tunisia's Islamists )〕〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Tunisia Election: Islamist Ennahda Calls for Unity Government after Defeat to Secular Nidaa Tounes )〕 | seats2_title = Assembly of the Representatives of the People | seats2 = | colours = Blue | website = | country = Tunisia }} The Ennahda Movement ((アラビア語:حركة النهضة) ';〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=The word حركة — ''movement'' — is the official term used by this political group )〕 (フランス語:Mouvement Ennahda)), also known as Renaissance Party ( ') or simply Ennahda, is a moderate Islamist〔 political party in Tunisia. On 1 March 2011, after the government of Zine El Abidine Ben Ali collapsed in the wake of the 2011 Tunisian revolution, Tunisia's interim government granted the group permission to form a political party. In the 23 October 2011 Tunisian Constituent Assembly election, the first free election in the country's history with a turn out of 51.1% of all eligible voters, the party won 37.04%〔 of the popular vote and 89〔〔(Tunisia's New al-Nahda ) Marc Lynch 29 June 2011〕 of the 217 assembly seats (41%). The party stepped down in January 2014 in order to make way for the final drafting of a constitution by a neutral interim government, followed by planned elections based on the new constitution. ==Early years== Succeeding a group known as ''Islamic Action'', the party was founded under the name of "The Movement of Islamic Tendency" ((フランス語:Mouvement de la Tendence Islamique) (MTI), (アラビア語:حركة الاتجاه الإسلامي) ') in 1981. After the Tunisian bread riots in January 1984 the government suspected the MTI of involvement in the disturbances, and arrested many of its supporters. The MTI leaders had encouraged their followers to join in the riots, but the government produced no proof that they had organized them. The persecution of the MTI enhanced its reputation as an organization committed to helping the people. In 1989, it changed its name to ''Ḥarakat an-Nahḍah''.〔''Columbia World Dictionary of Islamism'', Olivier Roy and Antoine Sfeir, editors, 2007, p.354-5〕 The party has been described as one of many parties/movements in Muslim states "that grew up alongside the Iranian revolution",〔Wright, Robin, ''Sacred Rage'', Simon and Schuster, (2001), p.194〕 and it was originally inspired by the Egyptian Muslim Brotherhood. The group supported the 1979 takeover of the U.S. embassy in Tehran, claiming that "It was not an embassy, but a spy centre".〔Wright, Robin, ''Sacred Rage'', Simon and Schuster, (2001), p.194, ''The New York Times'', 9 January 1984〕 Their influence in 1984 was such that, according to Robin Wright, an unnamed British journalist living in Tunisia stated that the Islamic Tendency was "the single most threatening opposition force in Tunis. One word from the fundamentalists will close down the campus or start a demonstration."〔Wright, Robin, ''Sacred Rage'', Simon and Schuster, (2001), p.194. author interview 29 November 1984〕 The group, or members of it, were also responsible for the bombing of some tourist hotels in the 1980s.〔(In a Worried Corner of Tunis ) Joshua Hammer NYRoB 27 October 2011. Joshua Hammer. (the text is not available for free on internet)〕 Although traditionally shaped by the thinking of Sayyid Qutb and Maududi, the party began to be described as "moderate Islamist" in the 1980s when it advocated democracy and a "Tunisian" form of Islamism recognizing political pluralism and a "dialogue" with the West. Critics charge that one of their main leaders, named Rashid Al-Ghannushi, had a history of violence yet in courts he was accused by the ruling party of organizing a non-authorized political party. Others say he supports any form of multi-party democracy that offers a minimum of freedom for his party and followers. In the 1989 elections, the party was banned from participating. However some members ran as independents, and received between 10% and 17% of the vote nationally according to official figures of the Ben Ali regime.〔Leveau, Rémy, 'La Tunisie du Président Ben Ali: Equilibre interne et environnement arabe,' ''Maghreb-Machrek'' No. 124 (1989), p10〕 Two years later President Ben Ali turned against Ennahda, jailing 25,000 activists. Ennahda militants attacked the ruling party headquarters, killing one person and splashing acid in the faces of several others.〔 Ennahda's newspaper ''Al-Fajr'' was banned in Tunisia and its editor, Hamadi Jebali, was sentenced to sixteen years imprisonment in 1992 for membership in the un-authorized organisation and for "aggression with the intention of changing the nature of the state". The Arabic language television station ''El Zeitouna'' is believed to be connected with Ennahda. The party was strongly repressed in the late 1980s and early 1990s and almost completely absent from Tunisia from 1992 until the post-revolutionary period. "Tens of thousands" of Islamists were imprisoned or exiled during this time.〔 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Ennahda Movement」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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